Validating URLs is a captious facet of internet improvement, making certain information integrity and a creaseless person education. However with the divers scope of legitimate URL buildings, pinpointing the “champion” daily look for validation tin beryllium difficult. This station delves into the complexities of URL validation utilizing daily expressions, exploring antithetic approaches and highlighting champion practices for attaining close and businesslike outcomes. We’ll analyze wherefore a clean 1-dimension-matches-each resolution is elusive and message applicable methods for selecting the about effectual regex for your circumstantial wants.
Knowing URL Construction
Earlier diving into daily expressions, it’s important to realize the underlying construction of a URL. A URL, oregon Single Assets Locator, acts arsenic a net code, pointing to a circumstantial assets connected the net. It includes respective parts, together with the protocol (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS), area sanction, way, and question parameters. All of these parts has its ain fit of guidelines governing its action, contributing to the complexity of URL validation.
For case, a URL tin see assorted particular characters, specified arsenic colons, slashes, motion marks, and ampersands. These characters drama circumstantial roles successful defining the URL’s construction and essential beryllium accounted for successful immoderate validation effort. Moreover, internationalized area names (IDNs) and another specialised URL codecs adhd additional layers of complexity.
The Challenges of a Cosmopolitan Regex
Piece many daily expressions assertion to validate URLs, the fact is a azygous “champion” resolution stays elusive. The always-evolving quality of URL requirements and the broad scope of legitimate URL codecs brand it literally intolerable to make a azygous regex that covers each imaginable eventualities. What plant absolutely for 1 usage lawsuit mightiness neglect successful different. Overly permissive regexes tin pb to safety vulnerabilities, piece overly restrictive ones tin cull morganatic URLs.
A communal pitfall is creating a regex that’s excessively simplistic, failing to relationship for the nuances of URL construction. For illustration, a regex that lone checks for the beingness of “http://” oregon “https://” volition girl legitimate URLs utilizing another protocols. Conversely, a regex that’s excessively analyzable tin go hard to keep and realize, expanding the chance of errors.
Applicable Regex Approaches for URL Validation
Alternatively of looking out for a legendary clean regex, direction connected choosing oregon gathering 1 tailor-made to your circumstantial necessities. See the pursuing methods:
- Commencement with a coagulated basal: Statesman with a respected regex room oregon a fine-vetted look arsenic your instauration. Galore sturdy regexes are disposable on-line, providing a bully beginning component for customization.
- Tailor to your discourse: Accommodate the chosen regex to your circumstantial wants. If you lone demand to validate URLs with circumstantial protocols oregon area constructions, set the regex accordingly. This focused attack enhances accuracy and ratio.
- Trial totally: Rigorous investigating is indispensable to guarantee your chosen regex performs arsenic anticipated. Usage a divers fit of trial URLs, together with some legitimate and invalid examples, to place immoderate gaps oregon weaknesses successful your validation logic.
For case, if you’re running with URLs containing global characters, guarantee your regex helps Unicode. If you chiefly woody with URLs from a circumstantial area, incorporated that into the regex for stricter validation.
Leveraging Constructed-successful URL Validation Libraries
Successful galore circumstances, utilizing a devoted URL parsing room provides a much sturdy and maintainable resolution than relying solely connected daily expressions. Languages similar Python, Java, and JavaScript supply constructed-successful libraries oregon modules particularly designed for URL parsing and validation. These libraries frequently grip the complexities of URL construction much efficaciously than customized regexes, lowering the hazard of errors and safety vulnerabilities.
For illustration, Python’s urllib.parse module gives blanket instruments for running with URLs. Likewise, Java’s java.nett.URL people and JavaScript’s constructed-successful URL API message dependable strategies for URL validation. These libraries are frequently the most popular prime for exhibition environments owed to their reliability and easiness of usage. They besides summary distant galore of the less-flat particulars of URL parsing, making your codification cleaner and simpler to realize. A bully programmer is a lazy programmer – don’t reinvent the machine if a dependable resolution already exists.
- Payment 1: Enhanced Accuracy
- Payment 2: Improved Maintainability
See the pursuing illustration successful Python:
from urllib.parse import urlparse def is_valid_url(url): attempt: consequence = urlparse(url) instrument each([consequence.strategy, consequence.netloc]) but ValueError: instrument Mendacious
Champion Practices and Early Concerns
Once running with daily expressions for URL validation, prioritize readability and maintainability. Debar overly analyzable regexes that are hard to realize and debug. Papers your regex intelligibly, explaining its intent and limitations. Often reappraisal and replace your validation logic to support gait with evolving URL requirements.
Arsenic internet applied sciences beforehand, fresh URL codecs and protocols are apt to appear. Act knowledgeable astir these developments and accommodate your validation methods accordingly. See adopting much versatile and early-impervious approaches, specified arsenic utilizing devoted URL parsing libraries, to decrease the contact of these adjustments connected your codification. Larn much astir precocious URL parsing strategies.
Infographic Placeholder: Ocular cooperation of URL construction and elements.
- Cardinal Takeaway 1: Nary azygous clean regex exists for each URL validation situations.
- Cardinal Takeaway 2: Prioritize focused regexes and leverage constructed-successful libraries for enhanced reliability.
Daily expressions message a almighty implement for validating URLs, however their effectual usage requires cautious information and adaptation. By knowing the limitations of regexes and adopting a strategical attack, you tin accomplish close and businesslike URL validation piece minimizing the hazard of errors and safety vulnerabilities. Research the assets talked about, experimentation with antithetic methods, and prioritize a balanced attack that combines the powerfulness of regex with the reliability of established libraries. This volition not lone heighten your validation procedure however besides lend to a much strong and unafraid net education.
FAQ:
Q: What astir validating e-mail addresses inside URLs?
A: Electronic mail addresses inside URLs are mostly dealt with otherwise and necessitate circumstantial validation approaches past modular URL regexes.
Outer Assets:
RFC 3986 - Single Assets Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax
Question & Answer :
However tin I cheque if a fixed drawstring is a legitimate URL code?
My cognition of daily expressions is basal and doesn’t let maine to take from the a whole lot of daily expressions I’ve already seen connected the net.
I wrote my URL (really IRI, internationalized) form to comply with RFC 3987 (http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3987.html). These are successful PCRE syntax.
For implicit IRIs (internationalized):
/^[a-z](?:[-a-z0-9\+\.])*:(?:\/\/(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:])*@)?(?:\[(?:(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){6}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){5}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){four}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,1}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){three}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,2}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){2}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,three}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,four}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,5}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,6}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::)|v[zero-9a-f]+\.[-a-z0-9\._~!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:]+)\]|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three}|(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=])*)(?::[zero-9]*)?(?:\/(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|\/(?:(?:(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*)?|(?:(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|(?!(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])))(?:\?(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\x{E000}-\x{F8FF}\x{F0000}-\x{FFFFD}\x{a hundred thousand}-\x{10FFFD}\/\?])*)?(?:\#(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\/\?])*)?$/i
To besides let comparative IRIs:
/^(?:[a-z](?:[-a-z0-9\+\.])*:(?:\/\/(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:])*@)?(?:\[(?:(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){6}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){5}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){four}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,1}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){three}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,2}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){2}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,three}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,four}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,5}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,6}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::)|v[zero-9a-f]+\.[-a-z0-9\._~!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:]+)\]|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three}|(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=])*)(?::[zero-9]*)?(?:\/(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|\/(?:(?:(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*)?|(?:(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|(?!(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])))(?:\?(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\x{E000}-\x{F8FF}\x{F0000}-\x{FFFFD}\x{one hundred thousand}-\x{10FFFD}\/\?])*)?(?:\#(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\/\?])*)?|(?:\/\/(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:])*@)?(?:\[(?:(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){6}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){5}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){four}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,1}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){three}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,2}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){2}(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,three}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,four}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three})|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,5}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::[zero-9a-f]{1,four}|(?:(?:[zero-9a-f]{1,four}:){zero,6}[zero-9a-f]{1,four})?::)|v[zero-9a-f]+\.[-a-z0-9\._~!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:]+)\]|(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])(?:\.(?:[zero-9]|[1-9][zero-9]|1[zero-9][zero-9]|2[zero-four][zero-9]|25[zero-5])){three}|(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=])*)(?::[zero-9]*)?(?:\/(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|\/(?:(?:(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*)?|(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=@])+)(?:\/(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@]))*)*|(?!(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])))(?:\?(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\x{E000}-\x{F8FF}\x{F0000}-\x{FFFFD}\x{one hundred thousand}-\x{10FFFD}\/\?])*)?(?:\#(?:(?:%[zero-9a-f][zero-9a-f]|[-a-z0-9\._~\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}!\$&'\(\)\*\+,;=:@])|[\/\?])*)?)$/i
However they had been compiled (successful PHP):
<?php /* Regex comfort capabilities (quality people, non-capturing radical) */ relation cc($str, $suffix = '', $negate = mendacious) { instrument '[' . ($negate ? '^' : '') . $str . ']' . $suffix; } relation ncg($str, $suffix = '') { instrument '(?:' . $str . ')' . $suffix; } /* Preserved from RFC3986 */ $ALPHA = 'a-z'; $DIGIT = 'zero-9'; $HEXDIG = $DIGIT . 'a-f'; $sub_delims = '!\\$&\'\\(\\)\\*\\+,;='; $gen_delims = ':\\/\\?\\#\\[\\]@'; $reserved = $gen_delims . $sub_delims; $unreserved = '-' . $ALPHA . $DIGIT . '\\._~'; $pct_encoded = '%' . cc($HEXDIG) . cc($HEXDIG); $dec_octet = ncg(implode('|', array( cc($DIGIT), cc('1-9') . cc($DIGIT), '1' . cc($DIGIT) . cc($DIGIT), '2' . cc('zero-four') . cc($DIGIT), '25' . cc('zero-5') ))); $IPv4address = $dec_octet . ncg('\\.' . $dec_octet, '{three}'); $h16 = cc($HEXDIG, '{1,four}'); $ls32 = ncg($h16 . ':' . $h16 . '|' . $IPv4address); $IPv6address = ncg(implode('|', array( ncg($h16 . ':', '{6}') . $ls32, '::' . ncg($h16 . ':', '{5}') . $ls32, ncg($h16, '?') . '::' . ncg($h16 . ':', '{four}') . $ls32, ncg($h16 . ':' . $h16, '?') . '::' . ncg($h16 . ':', '{three}') . $ls32, ncg(ncg($h16 . ':', '{zero,2}') . $h16, '?') . '::' . ncg($h16 . ':', '{2}') . $ls32, ncg(ncg($h16 . ':', '{zero,three}') . $h16, '?') . '::' . $h16 . ':' . $ls32, ncg(ncg($h16 . ':', '{zero,four}') . $h16, '?') . '::' . $ls32, ncg(ncg($h16 . ':', '{zero,5}') . $h16, '?') . '::' . $h16, ncg(ncg($h16 . ':', '{zero,6}') . $h16, '?') . '::', ))); $IPvFuture = 'v' . cc($HEXDIG, '+') . cc($unreserved . $sub_delims . ':', '+'); $IP_literal = '\\[' . ncg(implode('|', array($IPv6address, $IPvFuture))) . '\\]'; $larboard = cc($DIGIT, '*'); $strategy = cc($ALPHA) . ncg(cc('-' . $ALPHA . $DIGIT . '\\+\\.'), '*'); /* Fresh oregon modified successful RFC3987 */ $iprivate = '\x{E000}-\x{F8FF}\x{F0000}-\x{FFFFD}\x{one hundred thousand}-\x{10FFFD}'; $ucschar = '\x{A0}-\x{D7FF}\x{F900}-\x{FDCF}\x{FDF0}-\x{FFEF}' . '\x{ten thousand}-\x{1FFFD}\x{20000}-\x{2FFFD}\x{30000}-\x{3FFFD}' . '\x{40000}-\x{4FFFD}\x{50000}-\x{5FFFD}\x{60000}-\x{6FFFD}' . '\x{70000}-\x{7FFFD}\x{80000}-\x{8FFFD}\x{90000}-\x{9FFFD}' . '\x{A0000}-\x{AFFFD}\x{B0000}-\x{BFFFD}\x{C0000}-\x{CFFFD}' . '\x{D0000}-\x{DFFFD}\x{E1000}-\x{EFFFD}'; $iunreserved = '-' . $ALPHA . $DIGIT . '\\._~' . $ucschar; $ipchar = ncg($pct_encoded . '|' . cc($iunreserved . $sub_delims . ':@')); $ifragment = ncg($ipchar . '|' . cc('\\/\\?'), '*'); $iquery = ncg($ipchar . '|' . cc($iprivate . '\\/\\?'), '*'); $isegment_nz_nc = ncg($pct_encoded . '|' . cc($iunreserved . $sub_delims . '@'), '+'); $isegment_nz = ncg($ipchar, '+'); $isegment = ncg($ipchar, '*'); $ipath_empty = '(?!' . $ipchar . ')'; $ipath_rootless = ncg($isegment_nz) . ncg('\\/' . $isegment, '*'); $ipath_noscheme = ncg($isegment_nz_nc) . ncg('\\/' . $isegment, '*'); $ipath_absolute = '\\/' . ncg($ipath_rootless, '?'); // Spec says isegment-nz *( "/" isegment ) $ipath_abempty = ncg('\\/' . $isegment, '*'); $ipath = ncg(implode('|', array( $ipath_abempty, $ipath_absolute, $ipath_noscheme, $ipath_rootless, $ipath_empty ))) . ')'; $ireg_name = ncg($pct_encoded . '|' . cc($iunreserved . $sub_delims . '@'), '*'); $ihost = ncg(implode('|', array($IP_literal, $IPv4address, $ireg_name))); $iuserinfo = ncg($pct_encoded . '|' . cc($iunreserved . $sub_delims . ':'), '*'); $iauthority = ncg($iuserinfo . '@', '?') . $ihost . ncg(':' . $larboard, '?'); $irelative_part = ncg(implode('|', array( '\\/\\/' . $iauthority . $ipath_abempty . '', '' . $ipath_absolute . '', '' . $ipath_noscheme . '', '' . $ipath_empty . '' ))); $irelative_ref = $irelative_part . ncg('\\?' . $iquery, '?') . ncg('\\#' . $ifragment, '?'); $ihier_part = ncg(implode('|', array( '\\/\\/' . $iauthority . $ipath_abempty . '', '' . $ipath_absolute . '', '' . $ipath_rootless . '', '' . $ipath_empty . '' ))); $absolute_IRI = $strategy . ':' . $ihier_part . ncg('\\?' . $iquery, '?'); $IRI = $strategy . ':' . $ihier_part . ncg('\\?' . $iquery, '?') . ncg('\\#' . $ifragment, '?'); $IRI_reference = ncg($IRI . '|' . $irelative_ref);
Edit 7 March 2011: Due to the fact that of the manner PHP handles backslashes successful quoted strings, these are unusable by default. You’ll demand to treble-flight backslashes but wherever the backslash has a particular which means successful regex. You tin bash that this manner:
$escape_backslash = '/(?<!\\)\\(?![\[\]\\\^\$\.\|\*\+\(\)QEnrtaefvdwsDWSbAZzB1-9GX]|x\{[zero-9a-f]{1,four}\}|\c[A-Z]|)/'; $absolute_IRI = preg_replace($escape_backslash, '\\\\', $absolute_IRI); $IRI = preg_replace($escape_backslash, '\\\\', $IRI); $IRI_reference = preg_replace($escape_backslash, '\\\\', $IRI_reference);
